Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships

1. 1:1 Why effective communication is importantWe are more likely to communicate information to one another if we have positive relationships. Parents and other adults who come into the school are more likely to give beneficial support if communication is strong and effective – this, in turn, benefits pupils. It is also important for pupils that we model effective communication skills. This means checking what we are saying sometimes in moments of stress or excitement, so that they can understand what our expectations are in school.If we ask pupils to behave in a particular way when communicating and then forget to do so ourselves, they will find it harder to understand the boundaries of what is acceptable. Effective communication and positive relationships do not happen by chance. You should think about the way you relate to others and the messages that this sends out. In situations where communication breaks down, misunderstandings can lead to bad feeling.1. 1:2 The principl es of relationship buildingThe principles of relationship building with children  and adults in any context are that if others are comfortable in our company, they will be more likely to communicate effectively. Where people do not get along or are suspicious of one another, they are likely to avoid one another wherever possible. Positive relationships are not something which should be left_ to chance and it is important to consider the ways in which we can develop them. We build relationships with others in school on a daily basis in a number of different ways.Although you may do some of these without necessarily thinking  about it, it is worth taking time to consider whether you do all of the following. ? Effective communication – this is the key area for developing relationships with others and also covers many different forms of communication (see below). ? Showing respect – in order to develop positive relationships with others, it is very important to be cour teous and respectful, and to listen to their points of view. Adults and pupils with whom you work may also be from different cultures and have different beliefs or values from your own.You  should ensure that you acknowledge and respect the views of others at all times and take time to remember names and preferred forms of address. ? Being considerate – take the time to consider the positions of others. You may be working with a child or adult who is under particular pressure at a given time and need to understand why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain way or out of character. ? Remembering issues which are personal to them – it will always help to build positive relationships if you enquire a_er particular aspects  of another person’s life – for example, if you know that a colleague is concerned about their child getting into a particular secondary school, or if you are aware that it is a child’s birthday. ?Taking time to listen to others – make sure that you take time to listen to other people, in particular if they are asking for advice or help, or if they need to confide in you. You should always show that you are interested in what they have to say and respond appropriately. ? Being clear on key points – when you have conversations with others in which you are giving  them information, you should always ensure that they are clear what you have said at the end of the discussion. This is because it can be easy to be distracted from the main point of the conversation. When talking to children, always ask them to repeat back to you what they need to do. ? Maintaining a sense of humour – although the nature of our work in school is important, we should also sometimes take time to see the funny side of different situations. Laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress.

Maus I and Life is Beautiful Comparison Essay

Of all the Holocaust movies that exist, one in particular stands out. directed by Roberto Benigni in 1997, and often described as the slightly â€Å"happy† Holocaust movie, Life is Beautiful tells the story of an Italian man named Guido, leading up to and during the World War II and Nazi rise to power. Despite telling a Holocaust story, this film has a very light mood because of Guido’s happy-go-lucky nature and his enthusiasm, but is also very emotional and sad at times because of Guido’s dedication to protecting his son from the horrors of the labor camps. Maus on the other hand; a visual novel written and drawn by Art Spiegelman concerning the Holocaust, is a lot darker and heavier in terms of its themes, similar to most other Holocaust media. This visual novel follows a character named Vladek Spiegelman in World War II Poland, and his experiences leading up to and following the Nazi occupation of Poland. When compared as Holocaust stories, Maus and Life is Be autiful show many differences in their treatment of Jewish people along with presenting very distinct amounts of Nazi influence and presence. The Nazi invasion in Maus is presented as a very gradual process that later picks up more heat. Following Germany’s success at the beginning of World War II, the increasing amount of Nazi presence in Poland is depicted through the many Nazi flags and German soldiers put on the streets.As the Nazi influence increases, Jewish people are slowly stripped of every right they have as a citizen of Poland, and as human beings. With the introduction of Jewish starts and documents along with the German Police, the streets of Poland start to become regulated by the Gestapo who beat and rob the Jewish people without repercussion. In contrast to the large amount of Nazi presence in Maus, Life is Beautiful does not display anywhere near as much Nazi presence as Maus does. In the beginning stages of the film, before Guido is sent to the labor camps, there are no German forces occupying the Italian city Arezzo in which Guido and his uncle reside. Seemingly at first, the only Nazi influences present are Italian citizens inspired by Hitler and the Nazi vision, though later on in the movie it is apparent that the German forces do invade Arezzo, even if not explicitly shown. The German soldiers  occupying Arezzo in Life is Beautiful are implied to be few in numbers, as they are not walking on the streets in abundance and because Italy is allied with Germany, and instead of Nazi flags there are hate statements against the Jewish on walls on the street and gates of stores. The large amount of Nazi presence occupying the rest of Italy is depicted through the labor camps that are built in the country by Germans in order to forcefully work and execute Italian Jewish people without deporting them out of the country. Overall, the depiction of Nazi presence in these two stories is very different because of the dissimilar relationships Italy and Poland had with Germany. The treatment of Jewish people in Maus included a large amount of physical abuse, along with the removal of their basic rights and freedoms. Mainly inflicted onto the Jews by the Gestapo, the physical abuse includes harsh beatings, destruction and theft of property, and forceful eviction of some Jews to labor camps. As the Nazi presence in Poland grows stronger, Jewish people lose freedoms such as the ability to own a business or to purchase goods without ration cards and eventually lose the right to own and choose a home when Jewish ghettos are introduced. At this point, physical harm done to the Jewish people of Poland is at an all time high. The Gestapo freely execute people on will with mass beatings occurring very often openly on the streets. Those that disobey the law or the police, such as dealing goods without ration cards, are hung on the streets for all the other Jewish people to see and fear (Maus 83). On top of this, Jewish ghettoes offer subpar living conditions and resi dents are evicted every day to be taken to concentration camps. The Jewish people of Arezzo in Life is Beautiful, in comparison to the various cities of Poland that Maus takes place in such as Sosnowiec, must endure much less in terms of abuse and oppression. Most of the physical abuse in Maus can be accredited to the Gestapo, and because the German police does not occupy Arezzo, The Italian Jews little to no physical abuse in the city, with the little amount being vandalism; often coupled with verbal abuse. The source of these attacks on Jews in Life is Beautiful is other Italian citizens that support Nazi views and share their resentment for the Jewish people. Once in the labor camps, the treatment of Jews get much worse. The children and the elderly are led into gas chambers to be  killed following shortly after arrival and the men and women are at all times separated and perform various kinds of physical labor, such as in the men’s case; transporting ammunition and building war equipment like tanks. Those who are deemed useful of keeping alive are served a loaf of bread per day and often have to endure very physically demanding conditions like carrying 60 kg bombs under smoldering heat. The punishments for failure or disobedience in the labor camps of Life is Beautiful include death, physical punishment, and verbal abuse, seemingly determined by the guard responsible. Altogether, the treatment of Jews in the cities of Maus and Life is Beautiful is very different and much more negative in the former, with mainly the German police forcing the Polish Jews to endure much worse experiences compared to the Italian Jews. The stories of Maus and Life is Beautiful offer two different perspectives to the Holocaust with the two stories taking place in an allied and an enemy country to Germany. Overall, Maus and Life is Beautiful as visual Holocaust stories differ from each other in terms of their treatment of Jews and their presentations of Nazi rise to power.

Asthma Outline Essay

A respiratory viral infection plays a major role in important aspects of asthma and its exacerbation; which is nearly associated for about 80% of overall respiratory condition. Viral pathogen associated with wheezing includes Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza, and coronavirus (Busse & Lemanske. 2010). Rhinovirus is associated with common colds that may cause sore throat, sinus infection, ear infection and to some degree of bronchiolitis and pneumonia (American†¦ Asthma Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial smooth muscles. In the past 20 years, the incidence of asthma, especially in children, has increased (Wong et al., 2009). Inflammatory and structural changes of asthma in the airways lead to narrowing of the airway, edema as increased mucus production and bronchoconstriction. While bronchoconstriction plays a key role in asthma, more emphasis has recently been placed on the inflammatory†¦ Asthma is oftentimes overlooked or brushed to the side when talking about disabilities, especially when it comes to discussing disabilities among school children. Due to modern medicine and an increased knowledge about the disease, those affected by it are often able to live normal healthy lives. Despite being treatable, asthma is not a disease that should be taken lightly. Boushey & Fahy state that asthma wasn’t considered a severe disease until the 1960’s when several asthmatic deaths took place†¦ pathophysiology of asthma. Asthma occurs when a patient’s airway becomes narrow, swells and produces excess mucus. The patients’ breathing becomes labored and causes shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Asthma may be minor for some patients, but for others it may cause severe complications. Asthma may also interfere with activities of daily living and in some instances can be life threatening. Asthma is not curable, but the symptoms can be managed with medications. Overtime, asthma may change and†¦ million individuals worldwide suffering from asthma (WHO 2006). It is expected by the year 2025 there will an additional 100 million persons diagnosed with asthma. As the prevalence of this non-communicable disease continues to rise there must me methods implemented to control and monitor. It is with this foundation that a needs assessment was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of the Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, Bahamas. Uncontrolled asthma places an enormous strain on individuals’†¦ Asthma is such a common disease. For instance, a negative response to an emotional stress can cause an asthma attack (Mark 1007). Have you actually seen someone have an asthma attack? It is the scariest thing because you cannot do anything about it. They say that there are no cures for asthma, and they also claim that there is some natural therapies that may help to manage symptoms of asthma. Weather your asthma is completely manageable and only shows up from time to time, or if you only have to†¦ Asthma Introduction In today's society children are faced with many problems in their day to day life. However, there is one disorder that affects many children and can be potentially fatal if not caught and treated correctly. This disorder is call asthma. The National Center for Biotechnology Information defines asthma as, "Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightening, and coughing." Asthma mostly effects†¦ Asthma is characterized by the pathological changes in the submucosal glands, the increase of smooth muscle composition and hardening of the lamina reticularis; due to the recurrent inflammation and overproduction of mucus in the airways (Holgate & Sly, 2014). The inflammatory response is highly associated with the clinical symptoms of wheezing, coughing, short of breath and chest tightness (Cosio, Rosado & Rossi, 2012). The objectives of this essay is to discuss the pathophysiology of asthma, outline†¦ Asthma for Life The person I interviewed was my 16 year grandson D. Bass. Mr. Bass lives in a small rural community about twenty minutes away from me. He has had asthma his entire life. This interview took place at my house, he drove over on a Sunday afternoon to visit and I conducted the interview. I spent about an hour asking him questions, then did a brief physical assessment on him. He is a typical adolescent teenager and had to hurry out had somewhere to go. Questionnaire I first completed†¦ indigenous boy, who has asthma since he was two. He shows up in the hospital and complains about shortness of breath. Steven stays with his mother and 6 siblings in a remote town in rural Australia. Based on Steven’s situation, this essay will discuss about the pathophysiology about asthma, and then evaluate the nurse’s role of providing the nursing care for both Steven and his family. Harver and Kotses (2010) define asthma as the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. Asthma is a respiratory condition†¦

Money is the Root of Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Money is the Root of Good - Essay Example Ancient people graduated from Barter trade to using precious metal coins as their form of money. Gold, silver, bronze among other metals served as money in the olden days. Today, money is accepted as physical currency made of paper and coins. The growing technology has also introduced an acceptable business platform that involves online trade where currency is rarely used. These transformations aim at making exchange of goods and services easy. Even though there are various evils associated with money, money’s goodness outweighs its associated evils, thus money is the root of good stands. In the ancient world when money had not been introduced, traders used to engage in barter trade whereby goods were exchange for goods based on mutually inverse needs. It was difficult to agree on the value of goods to be exchanged due to quantity and quality differences. Traders needed to come up with a material that would be used to stop the direct exchange of goods. Money stepped in to determine the value of various goods. Moreover, it was widely accepted. It is divisible and trade has been easy since its introduction in the markets (Wollenberg para 1). Money is any acceptable material of exchange in a transaction. In a hypothetical situation, absence of money would mean that there wouldn’t be any platform to conduct trade. People would acquire goods from others by forceful means. Money has enabled trade thus it is good (Wollengerg para 2). Anything used rightfully and fairly is good. This includes money and general wealth. Wollenberg tells of a story of a poor man whose generosity elevated his financial status in the community but once he became rich, selfishness stepped in. Shannon Christman, in her article â€Å"why money is not the root of all evil† argues that its not money that causes evil but the love for money. Christman suggests that if money was the root off all evil, then religious people would be striving hard to be as

Law for Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law for Business - Case Study Example Finally in respect of creditors of the company the court held the no duty was owed to them. The approach had been criticized by many and had been thought to be unjustified as it was thought that reliance would be placed on the accounts of the company which is indeed due to the auditors’ manuals and other material. However, in favour of the decision a few other points for such a decision are the floodgates argument; the lack of proximity between an auditor and an investor also leads to the conclusion that no claim lies against the auditors; and the placing of undue burden on the auditors and therefore duty is only limited to the company.. (Deakin et al 2008) Another important aspect that was considered in the decision of Caparo for accountants liability as well the standard duty of care requirement was the fact that the three tier test was required to be satisfied so as establish a duty of care. This test was a reformed test for negligence.The first requirement for the establis hment of duty of care was that it must be reasonably foreseeable that the conduct of defendant would cause damage to the claimant. Secondly, there must be sufficient proximity between the parties and finally ‘the situation must be one in which the court considers it fair, just and reasonable the law should impose a duty of care of a given scope on the one party for the benefir of the other’. (Elliott et al 2007) Another important aspect that had been considered by the House of Lords have held in La Banque Financiere de la Cite v Westgate Insurance Co Ltd was that if there had been an omission to speak it would not lead to construing of liability. A further important authority in respect of negligent misstatement is that of Hedley Byrne v. Heller2 wherein it was construed by the courts that there was no negligent misstatement on the basis that the facts portrayed that there had been disclaimer within the remarks that is the use of the term without responsibility which le d to the possibility of a duty of care to be extinguished. There had been a controversial decision of Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Bannerman Johnstone Maclay, wherein the absence of the disclaimer of liability was considered to be pivotal so as to establish a duty of care and holding the auditors liable. The facts of the case were that BJM were auditors of APC Ltd and RBS was the principal lender of APC Ltd and due to such lending RBS had an equity interest in APC. One of the requirement of RBS in their facility letters was the provision of audited financial statements by APC to RBS within six months of the end of financial year. Such copies were provided to RBS so as to assist them for lending decision. Subsequently RBS bought an action against BJM for the losses that were suffered by RBS as a result of reliance on such audit accounts which had inaccuracies. There was an application made by BJM to strike out the claim as there was no duty of care owed to RBS. It was decided by the court as a preliminary issues that what had been pleaded by RBS was sufficient to lead to a duty of care. Thus it was found that even though there was no direct contact between the parties BJM could have disclaimed liability when it came to know that RBS would be seeing the audited accounts for lending decisions. Thus the important reason was the absence of th

One problem in our comunity ( miami) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

One problem in our comunity ( miami) - Essay Example Most of the work remains for improvement of conditions that teens pass through providing them with education and information regarding relationships and sexuality and improve reproductive and sexual health services (David, 2012) In Miami, local live births to mothers of age eighteen and under explained for eight percent of the entire births. Miami birth rates compared to teen girls dropped from 85 per one thousand to 51 in 2011. Both statewide and nationally, the sharpest decreases in the rates of teen births were noted for black teenagers. The rate of state births for black teenagers is dropped to 26% from the previous years. In spite of declines, Miami rates of birth in 2011 to mothers of age 18 years and below continue to increase in percentage of teenager births to black mothers 12% than the ratio to white mothers 6%. The Hispanic teen birth rates have not reflected the decline in the general birth rates. Miami birth rates for this group of teenagers have increased by 9% from 1991 (www.floridachart.com) The members of Miami should show awareness of the growing rate of teen pregnancy in high schools. The other goal is expressing need for a plan towards the reduction of teen pregnancy prevalence. Thirdly, is the development and implementation of the plan to reduce these pregnancies? Fourthly is the evaluation of success in meeting the planned goals and objectives. Lastly, is reporting teen pregnancy reduction rate. Determine: evaluate the following: teen pregnancy in Miami for the last two years; community demographics; attitudes towards teenager mothers and their young ones; programs in schools that work towards the welfare of the teen mothers; knowledge on sexuality and sex; attitude of the community on sex and effects of religious education of sex. Evaluation information should be used in the establishment of appropriate intervention. Performance: collect

Future trends in electronic commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future trends in electronic commerce - Essay Example The Internet revolution causes with the latest growth figure among the some 160 million users, while others, remind marketers that this constitutes only a tiny minority of a few per cents of the world population. Expanding from this point, impact will be sought in the evolution of the applications used. Thus a sector where the number of firms which use a combination of Internet, intranet, extranet and telework is 'important' will thus display a higher impact of the Internet (Wagner 2007). Moving further ahead, one will consider which functions or activities the Internet is used for and thus see a greater impact of the Internet when home, social and productive functions are carried out through the Internet (Regan, 2007). In a year, there will be changes in the resources, behavior, organization, achievements and skills in different sectors. More and more companies will use e-commerce as the main tool of marketing communication and interaction. On the other hand, and more importantly, it appears that the use of e-commerce tools and techniques, or of information in general, is not likely to have any effect unless the appropriate combination of attributes and external factors exist. In a year, companies will use e-mobile service and mobile retailing more often. ... The further back in this chain companies and customers can go, the earlier they will be able to have an impact on sales. "Catalogs and stores can greatly buoy the online company to weather the storms that are inherent in technology and technology-based marketing, as a simple change in the technology environment can decimate the business model of an online company based solely on online marketing" ("Why one web merchant", 2006). In five years, there will be a great shift in customer service and information delivery systems. Critics state that "Online commerce market to grow to $300 billion over the next four years. But NOW is when consumers are forming their online shopping habits and developing buying loyalties" ("Understanding the Consumers", 2007). This is true of any new product or service, but, so far as the Internet is concerned, such fears are compounded because consumers will be purchasing goods via a system that they do not fully understand. In fact, consumers are already worried about the security aspects of the Internet. The first and most important lesson that has to be learnt when considering trading on the Internet is that sales that depend on geography will no longer work. Supermarkets, for example, with their departments that examine in great detail the demographics of an area before a new store site is developed, have no advantage in cyberspace. Any site can be accessed from anywhere in the world (Regan, 2007). Equally, any site can also be ignored from anywhere in the world. There is, however, an even bigger issue with marketing on the Internet. Not only is it difficult to select and purchase a prime site, in a good demographic area away from your competitors, that virtually guarantees you sales, but it is also increasingly difficult to

Country Exploration (5 of 5) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country Exploration (5 of 5) - Essay Example Thus, refinement of commodities makes an economy enter and survive into the international market. Hence, the simplest way of measuring the value of a product is the demand of that commodity. The same is the case with measuring the value of entering the international market. Entering into an international market gives the commodity an introduction with global perspective, where the exporters and importers belonging to the pole apart regions as well as divergent communities, races, religions and ethnic groups exchange their views regarding different products and the producers get an opportunity of highlighting the merits of their commodities on the one hand, and improving their quality to bringing them at international standards on the other. This is also applied on the growing economy of the world i.e. India. The Indians have command over selling their commodities in an extremely distinguished manner. It is also a fact beyond suspicion that India sometimes imports products from other countries, but presents these products as her own at international level. For example, Gujranwala city of Pakistan produces the best of the best rice, which has no match all over the world, but Pakistan does not know how to sell it at international market. So, Pakistan sell s rice to her neighbor country i.e. India, and India presents the same rice as her own product in a very sophisticated manner, and earns a lot out of it. Not only this that India earns financial gains, but also wins applause from all corners because of her splendid presentation. Hence, entering into international market helps India enter into more and more new contracts with other importers and businessmen of the world. Consequently, India finds magnificent economic gains while entering the international market. Thus, the best methodology of measuring the value of entering of an economy into an international market is the growth in the export volume and number of the

Personal Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Ethics - Essay Example If I live by rules that are stemmed from the ill effects of society, then I will end up being depressed and discouraged. Free will basically trusts one’s instincts. It is being able to live well, to do things my own way and to live slowly but surely. My thought patterns are shaped by the way I see things. If I see things in a different light, if I see the two sides of a coin and if I choose to see what I want to see in my own perspective, then this is what I call free will. Ethics is governed by the rightness and wrongness of actions. What is then the definition of right and wrong? Can these be equated with obligation and duty? Take the context of the family. I know for a fact that the family is the basic unit of the society. Is the husband obliged to take care of his wife or vice versa? Are parents obligated to take care of their children? When the elderly in the family starts to suffer from dementia, are the concerned family members obliged to take good care of him or her? These are the questions that will help us define the morals and principles that have shaped the society. I treat Kantian ethics as a foundation of the difference between right or wrong, between good and bad. Immanuel Kant argues that to act in the morally right way, people must act according to duty. But then is duty synonymous to responsibility? How does duty become a sense of accountability? Take for example the situation in the community. The rules that the society dictates can sometimes be so distracting but if I would consider that rules are meant to be followed and not meant to be broken, then everything in the community will be in order. The very simple sign, â€Å"No smoking† at the gasoline station is meant to be abided.... In this case, is this really my duty not to smoke Or is it simply following the rules and being aware of the consequences if I smoke at the gasoline station How can I say that it is a matter of common sense How does comprehension differ from awareness How does common sense differ from morally dictated laws If I do something, should I think the welfare of others Take for example a friend of mine needs a job. Let us name my friend Elle. Elle has been looking for a job for the past six months. Now an opportunity for her to work part time has landed on her lap. Her duty is to fill in the position of a nurse in a nursing home for only three days. Now as she started working, she does not want to let go of the opportunity. What she did was to convince the nursing home administrator to hire her full time instead of the 2 Nurse whom she has temporarily replaced for three days. Elle was able to convince the nursing home administrator to hire her full time at the expense of the nurse who only took her days off. Who is now at fault here Is it that of the nursing home administrator or is it that of scheming Elle who thought of her own self interest rather than the nurse who has worked in the nursing home for years When the nurse returned, she does not have a job anymore. On Elle's part, she would rather think of her own survival rather than the welfare of the nurse whom she has replaced. In this situation, the context of good and bad is really out of the maxim of the rules of good and evil. Take for example the context of suicide. Japan is considered the country with the highest suicide rate. In Japan, suicide is common but in the milieu of Christianity, suicide is not advisable. In this framework,

Transgender Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Transgender Children - Research Paper Example They are transgendered children† ABC News, 2007 The terms ‘sex’ and /or ‘gender’ are used loosely and interchangeably, in today’s society, with respect to describing an individual’s gender, despite the fact that both the words have a completely different meaning, which is distinct from each other. The word ‘sex’ refers to the biological categorization of an individual into ‘male’ or ‘female’ gender, based on their reproductive organs. Gender on the other hand, is more of a social construct, and is a term coined and used by the society to classify and describe an individual typically ‘male’ or ‘female’, based on social gender descriptions of the two (Morrow & Messinger, 2006). One of the most common misconceptions with regard to the definition of the term ‘gender’ as applied by the society, refers to the fact that it is an integral part of our existence and ident ities, and that it assigns social status to newly born, at the time of their birth. The society as well as our surrounding environment such as parents, plays a key role in shaping and influencing our attitudes towards what constitute gender, and inculcate socially acceptable gender norms, by interactions with the children and is reflected in the type of toys or clothes bought for the male and the female child. Such behavior on the part of the child’s immediate environment tends to teach the ‘appropriate’ and acceptable manner of leading their lives, and teaches them to behave in a ‘gender appropriate’ manner. The term ‘transgender’ as applied in contemporary society, is an umbrella term which is used to describe individuals with gender identity issues, and display a non-conformist behavior / attitude with regard to the same, i.e., an individual, biologically born as a male tends to behave as a female trapped in a male’s body and v ice versa (Morrow & Messinger, 2006). The transgender children often insist of being born in the ‘wrong body’ (ABC News, 2007). Research questions: The key research questions addressed as a part of this study include: What does it mean to be transgendered? What are the key causes behind such gender identity issues? Are there any cures for the same? But most of all this study aims to emphasize the gravity of the issue, and delve further into the complex social and psychological implications of transexualism and its impact on the children and those around them. In order to seek answers for the above listed questions, a qualitative research method - secondary data analysis, is used, whereby data from academic and clinical journals, books, and other primary resources such as government websites and newspapers are used. 2. Literature review 2.1. Understanding Transgender Children: The term 'Transgender' refers to people who have serious gender identity issues and have diffic ulty associating and correlating with the biological sex they are born with. Such individuals do not suffer from any genetic abnormalities (Lee & Houk, 2006). Transgender children suffer from gender identity issues wherein the boys are often seen more comfortable with associating themselves with girls, dress like them and even play with dolls, display stereotypical feminine traits and vice versa (Brill & Pepper 2008). Research indicates that children normally begin to develop gender identity around the age of three years (Cohen-Hettenis & Arrindell, 1990. This theory holds true even in case of transgender child

Sociology and Basic Existentialist Standpoint Essay Example for Free

Sociology and Basic Existentialist Standpoint Essay There are six themes of existentialism; the themes are classified to characterize the mode of thought of those who would call themselves existentialists. The first theme is known as existence precedes essence, which is the basic existentialist standpoint. The values in a persons life are not inherited from the society, but are solely based on their consciousness. The second theme is classified as anxiety. The nature of anxiety is like the dread of being nothing. This anxiety motivates existentialists to make something of their lives instead of embracing the pointless of life. The third theme of existentialism displays absurdity, there is no reason for humans to exist, nothing has a point, and its rather silly. The fourth theme is known as Nothingness, an existentialist feels as if they are defined only by their being but the beliefs and in situations that one lives can also be defined. An existentialist believes theyre born with nothing: no prepositions can create everything for themselves. Therefore an existentialist must have no structures. Death is known as the fifth theme of existentialism. Death is the final end of existence, thus death is a motivating factor in life. Everyone has a natural fear of death, but we should overcome hat fear, live life to the fullest. Let death happen because it is inevitable. Alienation displays the sixth theme of existentialism. Alienation is the isolation from society and social orders. It is present in society, to those individuals who create and pursue their personal desires, also not majority rules. In this theme, they do not connect with social institutions; therefore an existentialist finds their society empty and meaningless.

Examination of Clinical Psychology Essay Example for Free

Examination of Clinical Psychology Essay Clinical psychology has a full history that dates back to the early days of Greek philosophy. The combination of philosophy, current psychology and science has created a specific discipline in clinical psychology. Research continues to improve and evolve this branch of psychology. There are certain distinctions that set clinical psychology apart from other areas of this discipline and this paper will explore not only those distinctions but also the history of clinical psychology. The History of Clinical Psychology The beginnings of psychology in general can be found in the era of Greek philosophy. Early philosophical thinkers saw the connection between the mind and body including the influence that relationship had concerning emotional sickness. Hippocrates, Plato, and Aristotle were a few of those that recognized the soul or spirit as being the primary force of the body. They also recognized that problems within the soul could manifest in physical illness (Plante, 2011, p. 34). In the middle ages, any kind of mental, emotional or physical sickness was thought to be characteristic of sin or evil and treatments of such issues were dealt with on a spiritual level. The following Renaissance era was all about scientific research and discovery taking the previous beliefs on spiritual origins and disproving them. Illness was established as something more explainable by scientific research rather than spiritual and metaphysical beliefs (Plante, 2011). As the nineteenth century rolled in, members of psychological study started to have a more accurate understanding of the connection between the body and mind. Sigmund Freud was one such forward thinker and he promoted theories that unconscious thoughts of the mind can hold a strong influence on one’s health drawing on the original beliefs of the Greeks (Parsons, 1958). The actual emergence of psychology began with the development of the first laboratory and book of psychology by Wilhelm Wundt. Development was quick after this first large step even though the new concepts and principles of psychology were being applied to peoples’ issues. Also the wars of our history provided a platform for the world of clinical psychology. Service members emerged in war required specialized treatments which led to the development of psychometric assessments. Later developments led to the creation of evolved models of guidelines and training for the education of clinical psychologists (Plante, 2011). Clinical Psychologys Evolving Nature Clinical psychology has a fundamental instrument that develops its evolving nature which is described by its relationship with modern medicine and used of scientific methods (Kazdin, 2008). Clinical psychology continues to develop applications as new scientific evidence mounts. Contemporary clinical psychology embodies the scientific advances of science mixing in a deep understanding of the mind. The relationship of practice and research continue to come together to facilitate continual improvements in treatments and this relationship is a necessary element to the evolving nature (Kazdin, 2008). The only possible challenge for clinical psychology and research is the challenge of trying to customize treatment to meet the patient’s individual needs when there really is no defined outline of every individualistic need for each individual patient (Kazdin, 2008 p. 17). The Role of Research and Statistics in Clinical Psychology Research is a vital aspect of any psychology and clinical psychology is no different. Research provides the empirical foundation to answer questions with validity. Statistics is a vital part of this research since this area of the research facilitates researchers being able to conclude if the information is substantial and relevant. Research is also vital because to clinical psychology because it boosts therapy methods which leads to the improvement of one’s life and it also helps discover effective methods to diagnose and treat human behavioral issues (Plante, 2011). The scientific method of empirical study also benefits the researchers themselves enabling them to gain critical thinking skills. Research is one of the most fundamental practices that allows for the betterment of clinical psychology (Plante, 2011). Clinical Psychology as it Differs from Other Disciplines The primary differences between other disciplines and clinical psychology involve the targeted training, area of focus and possibly even the educational requirements. Some psychologists participating in the area of clinical diagnosis, such as a school psychologist or social worker, generally must earn a masters degree but other specialized areas of clinical psychology might require a doctorate (Plante, 2011). School psychologists also specialize primarily in working with children and society’s youth whereas social workers can serve a more broad population and work in hospitals, schools or even county programs. Areas of counseling psychology are very similar to clinical psychology and there is the belief that the two separate groups do not even need to exist separately (Kazdin, 2008). There are also psychiatrists who have the added, extensive education and training in the medical arena and for all intended purposes they are physicians. They not only counsel as psychologists but are allowed to issue psychiatric medicine. Then there are other various mental health care professionals such as psychiatric nurses, specialized counselors, and industry and organization counselors who all provide clinical services. Even though clinical psychology differs in some aspects from other counseling professions, all of them have the purpose of using psychological principles to understand human behavior, helping individuals to live healthier and happier lives (Plante, 2011). Conclusion As this paper has laid out, there are many various contributions to the formation of clinical psychology becoming its own discipline. The evolution has traveled a long road but it has been steady and continuous with new information being discovered through scientific methods. Philosophy kicked off the curiosity that lead to future contributions by pioneers such as Freud and his psychoanalytic methods. Clinical psychology does hold its differences amongst other disciplines of psychology but the overall goal of all disciplines still remains to serve the general human population, attempting to give everyone a chance at a better quality of life. References Kazdin, A. E. (2008). Evidence based treatment and practice: new opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice. American Psychologist, 63(3), 146-159. Parsons, T. (1958). Social Structure and the Development of Personality: Freuds Contribution to the Integration of Psychology and Sociology. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 21(10), 321-340. Plante, T. (2011). Contemporary clinical psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

How To Assess Information And Knowledge

How To Assess Information And Knowledge The main aim of this assignment is to provide Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, on how to assess information and knowledge internally and externally to improve decision making and taking while creating strategies to increase personal networking to widen involvement in the decision-making process. This assignment also helped Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd develop communication process to improve the gathering and dissemination of information and organizational knowledge. Furthermore it assessed the current approach of information management by Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd also highlighted with suggestion and the way the culture effects the communication procedure is recognized and discussed. Acknowledgement This project could have not been written without Mr.Frank Gunasekara. Who encouraged and challenged me through my academic program. He never accepted less than my best efforts. Thank you. I make no claim to be comprehensive since what is collected in this project are materials that I found in articles, Books, Interviews and the internet. A special thanks to the authors mentioned in the bibliography page. I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my family and friends. And specially to Mr.Suranga Liyanarachi [Human Resource Manager] of Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Words cannot express what I owe them for there encouragement and whose patient love enabled me to complete this project. And especially to Allah, Who made all things possible. Table of Contents List of Illustrations Organizational Structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 8 L1 Introduction of Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd., was founded by a man with a great vision, the late Mr. Anverally. Which was over a 100 years ago, His vision was to establish the finest pure Ceylon teas. After a century passed his vision was made a reality by his successors. Today Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, exports the finest teas in the world to over 37 countries which includes Europe, Asia, CIS states and the Middle East. And being registered members of the Colombo Tea Traders Association, Ceylon Chamber of Commerce, National Chamber of Commerce, the Export Development Board and the Srilanka Tea Board. Being having a good relationship with a number of plantation companies and estates around the island, Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd has some of the most experienced tea tasters in the business, Vital for the important process of blending that makes Ceylon Tea so famous around the world today. Mission OUR MISSION IS TO CREATE PERFECTION SECOND TO NONE IN EVERY OUNCE OF TEA WE EXPORT [Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, Website] www.anverally.com/ceylon-black-green.html Organizational Structure Director of Operations and Logistic Director of value added Tea Director of Bulk Tea Director of Finance Senior Executive Human resource manager TEAM General Manager MD/ Chairmen [Figure 1] Organizational structure is the frame work, typically hierarchical, within which Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd. Arranges its lines of authority and communications, and makes sure to allocates there rights and duties. This organizational structure shows the manner and the extent to which power, roles and responsibilities are delegated, coordinated and controlled and how information flows between levels of management. Being having a Horizontal structure [Flat hierarchy] the number of people in layers is less. Anverally and sons being having a wide span of control there are many employees reporting to a superior. But in the narrow span of control only a few employees are reporting to a superior. Being having a wide span of control at Anverally and Sons communication is faster because the message travels faster and shorter distance in the flat structure. There for in this organization communication is more effective and can respond to the changes in the market faster. However in tall structure it takes more time to respond to the changes in the market. Range Of Organizational Decisions Example : At an economic crisis, This is when all the decisions are made by the head-office or the top management. All the decisions making power are help by the top managers and managers at the lower levels do not have power. When important decisions are to be made Anverally and Sons will get the company centralized in all departments and there will be a similar set of rules and regulations. This may lead to greater consistency and when everyone follows the same system there will be more consistency and this will reduce confusion among different departments. It was explained that at Anverally and sons that senior managers are taking all the decisions since they are more matured and experienced and there for the decision will be a good quality decision that will benefit the whole organization. However if junior managers takes the decisions, the decisions may not benefit the organization since they are not experienced. However if Anverally and sons pass down the decision making power to other areas departments or divisions in the business allowing decisions to be taken away from the top management. This reduces the workload for the senior management and there for will make decision making faster. By passing decision making powers to lower levels will speed up the decision making progress and. This will make the organization more flexible and it will be able to react to the changers in the market quickly. And as a result the business will be able to retain its skilled force [work] because everybody will be involved in decision making. Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being a growing company decision making should be decentralized as there are a lot of operations. Information required at different Levels of organization At Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd, Strategic Level decisions are taken into consideration by only the Chairman and General Manager which includes them to deal with complex issues, It involves high level of risk since the future is very unpredictable and decides on the objectives of the organization. Tactical Level is handled by the Directors/Executives and they are responsible to ensure that resources are obtained and use effectively and efficiently to accomplish the organizations objectives. Directors/Executives in tactical level operations are the Dir. Operations and logistics, Dir. Value added tea, Dir. Bulk Tea, Dir. Finance and Senior Executive Human resource Director . Operational Level is managed by the Managers and their respective teams, Marketing manager:- Should do an analyst about the competitors and identify its break troughs and make advantages decisions for the organizationa and mainly about the the organizations Products, Price, Place and Promotion. Human Resource manager :- Manages the overall sector of human resource services, programs and policies. Some of the major areas an HRM manages can include as Recruiting staff, Organizational Development, Performance management and improvement systems. Shipping department manager and Logistics head are included as well. They ensure that every top level task they have received is carried out effectively and efficiently. And at this level decisions what needs to be taken into consideration like day to day activity decisions are apart of this department. Effective Communication With Stakeholders Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd does pay a great number of attention to their stakeholders, Whose behaviors and attitude will mean a lot for their difference between the success and failure of the companys organizational mandate. Communication with stakeholders is important and critical for the organization, For the communication to be effectively done Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should identify their key stakeholders. Set Communication Objectives Before developing a message campaign, It is important that Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd to clarify the reason and objectives behind the communication. The main objective of the communication is to inform the stakeholders of some pending action or decision, to engage with them or maybe to prevent or overcome some problems. However if the organization is to inform or raise awareness than affecting the perception or its behavior, the approach of communication will be varied. Choosing a Communication format Messages communicated can vary from personal encounters to mass communication. For an Example: If the objective is to change the behavior, two-way communication is required for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, such as telephone contact or face to face interviews should be used with stakeholders. But if the information which should be one-way informed then it could be used in newspapers, magazine or public service announcements on radio or television could be an appropriate choice for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. Getting feedback on Effectiveness The ultimate goal of effective communications with stakeholders is getting the feedback from the respective stakeholders themselves. By having conducted the research with all relevant constituencies in order to know if the desired message have been received and the expected results with the communication effort. Research can be in the form of Telephone or Internet interviews. Communicating with, Customers :- Customers buys the goods and services. And are expecting quality tea which is safe and in reasonable price. Suppliers :- Suppliers supply the raw materials. Suppliers expectations are continuously high volume business, Timely settling their invoices. There for if the supplier is not happy with the business dealings it may lead to stop supplying the materials. The method used to communicate with these stakeholders is by electronic communication. Internal and External Source of Organization Internal Sources of communication means communication within the organization, Information can be of many types, Example of some major internal source: Organizational Information: Internal source of information to gather data about the organization which includes strategic plans, exit surveys, Focus groups. External Sources of information are where the organization gathers information from official and unofficial sources, but who are effected with the business externally. Example : Sending a message to a supplier Anverally and Sons has a strong strategy of Communicating and motivating its employees. The reason for Anverally and sons to manage its decisions is by having a good communication environment, Good communication does encourage team work. Team work will result in new ideas, New ideas lead to innovation. Good decision making will allow faster decision making. When decision making is fast the business organization can react to changes in the market quickly. Methods of communication used by Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd Oral communication : Which is one to one communication Example : Telephone conversations, Meetings, Interviews, Staff appraisal meeting. Scenario : When the tea cartons are ready for shipment and there is no space for storing since the shipment is being delayed then the Distribution manager contacts the Shipping manager directly and solves the immediate problem. Positives out of this method are that the communication will be more clear and effective because there is immediate feedback and body language can be observed. However if the communication consist of many document it is advisable to note them down in writing so that there will be written records of it. Written communication : A written record is available there for it can be referred back later and will have no disputes as there is evidence. Example : Notice, News Letters, Reports, etc.. However this will be time consuming and there will not be any immediate feedback. Electronic communication : This is the main method where Anverally and sons use for decision making. Since of the high speed communication and immediate response can be identified. Its a more cost effective way for and example : Email is cheaper than postal mail. And a large quantity can be downloaded from the internet. The head office situated in Colombo and the factories being placed in rural areas people still can work as a team due to electronic communication. This method can be sent and received at anytime of the day there for it is more flexible.As a factor to be concerned for Anverally and sons is that, If electronic communication is using text, audio and video messages. Then this can be sent through one communication line. However this way of communication can affect the company by hackers and viruses. It could also lead to information overload since with the internet the information available is too high and could result it such. And to get the employees trained to deal with electronic communication the company will have to have as expense such a training cost. Recommendation for Improvement. At Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd it is identified that the organization use to communicate with their employers and employees using the electronic communication method than oral discussions. As noted the company has few errors of communication as to whom to report or inform. Being having a flat structure the organization has a wide span of control but according to the programs the organization conducts the process of communication is wrong since they use reports and flyers about Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd in every program they conduct. Since Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being an internationally recognized tea export company. It is important to ask, is it enough for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd to limit their communication to the current amount. According to the conditions Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should start up using the oral method more often so that they could communicate to their employees/employers throught face to face discussions. This method would lead to get more innovative ideas on how to prove the service and increase its potential. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should start having group meetings among the different level of the company, This would lead Employees and top management to have a better understanding since there is more human interaction, Besides Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd has to clearly state to whom the employees have to inform regarding different issues and problems they face during operations. Being having a Flat structure it is important to practice horizontal communication since it would help make the internal communication better. And lead to all departments to have better understanding and be more productive. L3 Existing process of communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd does use the two way communication process, which is upward and downwards communication. Being having the downward communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd use to provide information on their current programs and ongoing projects, Since Feedback is also identified the medium used is by daily announcements at the Factory and by having notice boards at every branch and other different media to their employees about the current issues of the business. And having the upward communication process, Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Use this method to communicate with the higher authority through electronic device regarding the various problems which arises from the tactical and operational level. So this method helps them to talk about the issues and their concerns and how to over come these. However since customers are encouraged to contact Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd through the Internet [E-mail] to obtain more information or to make a complain. Since this method is used in the organization their can be miscommunication within the middle layer management since E-mail can be time consuming to answer complicated questions or their might be many misunderstandings because cultural differences in the explanation or understanding of certain words, There for using oral communication [telephone] may be considered as a better solution for providing detailed answers. Greater integration system of communication Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd being an internationally recognized tea exporter, Needs to have a proper communication system and thats critical for its success. If the employees at Anverally and Sons [Pvt] Ltd are not effectively communicating with their customers, clients and other experts, the business will have to face negative situations. Improving effective communication skills within the work force is a important skill that should be mastered. Few of the points Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should look into to make sure all workers are communicating effectively. Executive Information System [EIS] This is a system planned to make and support the information and decision made by the senior executives at Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, it also provides easy right to use both internal and external information valid to meet its calculated goals of the business. Internal Data Organizations financials Organizations resources External Data Stock market Economic databases New services Under this system executives at Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd will be having a clear moniter of companies performances and will be able to forecast, spot and analyze problem, Identifying opportunities and to track competitors activities. Management information system [MIS] This system provides managers at middle level for organizing, evaluating and to resourcefully run their departments, and it also provides past, present and future predicted information with the help of software, data bases and hardware applications. To improve this system Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should develop a technological usage agreement for its staff which help the business and maintain its staff from being disobedient. Includes agreement issues such as off beam web surfing, prohibits visiting virus sites etc.. And also should maintain a schedule of maintenance, this would manage to update and scan for virus and prevent data loss or system crash. Transaction process system [TPS] This system is designed to practice the day-to-day dealings of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd since the business has over 600 outsourced employees advancing this system may lead for the labor-intensive business transactions cto be replaced by automated processes. And their for anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can improve its operation efficiency and decrease its transaction cost. Communication Skills of a good manager As the interview with Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Human resource executive Mr.Suranga Liyanarachi. It was identified that there were positives and negatives shown as a manager with his communication skills. Clear communication skill :- As a manager it was clear and effective flow of information which was handed over to the interviewer this makes a good skill of clear communication. Assertive communication skill :- With the ability to express his opinion, ideas, requirements and sentiment in a uncomplicated, non-hesitant way, while also being very diplomatic and respectful of the other person. Integrity :- He is a manager with a lot of integrity in other words is a person who says what he thinks and does what he say hell do. As a result Team transparency, creative approach and performance naturally arise from this. Personal Plan to improve communication skills Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having spotted a weakness of their communication system will have to over come its situation to satisfy its clients and customers and other related experts. Causes for lack of team work Lack of clearness about decision making Who has authority over what, Methods for making decisions are changing or unclear. Lack of team communication skills Discussions, conversation, listening disagreement decision Fundamental nature of the work is not very understandable so its mutually dependent, and therefore teamwork is not really needed. There for to over come this situation Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should implement these strategies as follows, Define member roles and responsibilities. :- Every member has its role to be done and more over it should not overlap with confusion, If the work load are being distributed equally the smoother the work would flow. Acknowledge and reward team members :- This is to ensure that all team members know how their individual effort has contributed to the companies common goal and will give confidence to all stakeholders to repeatedly share their individual input with the entire team. Importance of team meeting and Group discussion to improve communication Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having a competitive business nature will need standard personal interaction more that ever. Although they have once a week meeting with all executive heads and have meetings every three months on strategic planning, By having electronic communication [telephone and online communication] may allow for convenient and speedy way of communication with customers and also may open up a new opportunity for quick sharing of ideas. But setting up a business meeting within the business will create different effects on the business, Benefit : Information distribution A key benefit will be that it provides an opportunity to share information such as financial updates or may help to recognize new employees for more complex issues. An genuine meeting pinpoints a moment in time and place to have in detail discussions with no other distractions or work getting in the way. Disadvantage : Time However Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can drain out its companies productivity when having its staff to spend more time on meetings, therefore to over come this reason Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd must try to limit the amount of time that the staff spend in meetings. L4 Identify how information can be used as controlling and coordination method for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. Word controlling is used as a way of monitoring the companies actions and behavior by using its information. And the word coordination means as how information is prearranged in a way that can be collected for companys action and activities. As noted from the interview, Information helps to assemble the act of the HR division and the finance subdivision, Where HR division helps to grant information to finance subdivision to make monthly financial statement for the staff. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd control their daily supplies because information helps them to know how much of tea leaves is needed for each day. consequently information from the logistics sector and storage department will let the shipping department how many tons of tea leaves are being exported everyday. So that there will not be any storage or over production overlapping. And in this same situation we can see the coordination of the logistics sector and the storage department because without the information of shipping department the company wont be able to control its production, storage and exporting requirement for each day. Approaches to the collection, formatting, storage, disseminating information and knowledge. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd collects information for the function to increase its business efficiency and success in order to make desire turnover along with to sustain in future by making different judgment depend on the information they collect. Information collection Export department Products[taj,al-athur] exported to the clients and the quantity of each product sent per day. Website collects the customers information since they register in the companies website when placing an order for a particular product. Information collected are : name, address, phone number and few financial information. News paper and reports collects information about the competitor by annual reports or financial reports, and they also gather information about the current rules and regulations. Formatting information Customer profile Collection of customer information will be analyzed and divided into customer gender, location and personal information as collected. Export department processes the information on the quantity of exports during the day and the profits made by each product, availability of product and to end with calculates the earnings for the day. Storing information Customer profile Customer information Export department would store the information in the system under daily exports. Secondary researched data would be kept in a separate file. Dissemination of information Being having the customers information in the system, once a placement is made by the customer the customer care reports to the factory department and prepare the amount of tea needed and deliver it to the customer. Reports and magazine information will be spread to the respective departments such as competitors marketing strategy would be handed over to the marketing department. How Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd manage its knowledge At the operations of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, it is identified that there is two types of knowledge being used. Explicit knowledge : Is a record of how each task is to be performed by plan and actions. Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd being having its factory employees outsourced, it was found that employees tend to change there profession within the factory and that simply helped by the explicit knowledge, this is where all guides and instruction on how to operate its machine would be written or documented, therefore the quality of the product will not change although the employee changes. Tactic knowledge : It is found that in Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, Human resource Department that they recruit and train their employees, Since most of them have only explicit knowledge they lack from tactical knowledge there for they team them up and give them projects on real time and real situation handling project and these are supervised by a manager and at the end of the day they discuss with the trainee about the mistakes and how they should improve to handle problems. How IT system could be used as a communication management and controlling tool for Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. IT system helps Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd, as a communication management and a controlling tool because this system helps to solve complex issues. Example : Its isnt easy for the staff to record all its sales into a paper and there is likely chances for making error, IT system will help to reduce its difficulty since it makes less human acceptance in processing information, there for this leads to increase the productivity of the work and saves time for the staff. Improvement of collecting, formatting, storage, disseminating information and knowledge Information collection: While having a website Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd can have a representative at every country where they manage to export the most so that the customer can gain more customer satisfaction by having a face to face conversation. Competitors information: This can be identified by attending trade shows and by joining industry associations. Formatting information: By implementing a back-up system and a paper backup system since if the IT system fails then there would be information paper as well for quick references. By getting an IT system out sourced would increase its IT potentials since they will be mainly working on IT related area and would be risk free. Dissemination: It is helpful if the information system is grouped for the exact department like if the employees information can be directly directed to the HR department so then it would make it easy for them to take decisions since they are responsible for employees issues. Implementing a strategy to improve access to system of information and knowledge to others as appropriate For a strategy to be implemented, Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should identify its current problem and its future problem, Example : By only one HR department it is hard for them to look into all its employees information and manage them and mean while if there is an order placed by a client then the business should contact the IT department and then collect information and then pass them to the processing department. There for to handle the situation Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd should develop a plan to save its business, where it helps to enter a broad area of the information system of the business that will put together key business development so that information will be spread into all departments and make things easy. And after the plan is developed the implementation should help to train the staff on how to use the system and to make sure the system is working efficiently and effectively. Organization Culture effecting on the business It was noted that Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd uses a paternalistic style of communication which is that they believe that employees need direction and it is important that they are supported and cared properly. The company does consult to find out views but the decisions are made by the top level management. Therefore the company would have improved decisions making as many ideas are involved and also it increases its employees productivity. More you do more you get [Culture slogan, Interview HR manager] Conclusion This assignment includes a variety of understandings regarding the communication procedure and IT systems of Anverally and sons [Pvt] Ltd. It is found that the company uses diverse verity electronic devices to communicate and they use the up-down method of communication throughout the company. However the recommended type of communication system and IT system is to have a more likely to have a positive effect on the company.

Impacts of Computer Technology on Law Enforcement :: Cause Effect Computers Essays

Impacts of Computer Technology on Law Enforcement Computers have had large impacts, in both negative and positive ways, on law enforcement related professions.With the introduction of the laptop, many vehicles were equipped to carry them in the dash.With these in place, officers can run warrant checks or find other necessary information about you and the vehicle when they pull you over and perform a search.But those same laptops, not the ones used in the cars, and other PCs have also led to a new form of crime that has been rather difficult for police agencies to investigate—cyber crime. So as in many areas, the computer has been a great work tool, but at the same time hinders some of the activities of the police. The use of computers in law enforcement has, in many cases, been a great idea.Officers can use the computer to store information, analyze particular objects found at crime scenes, and help in collecting information about criminals as well as victims.Some departments have begun to invest in automated fingerprint identification systems and a national program of mug shots for wanted fugitives.A department can also use computer related technology to set up surveillance of telephones, cars, street intersections, and other areas of interest around their jurisdiction (Osterburg and Ward 611-620). Investigators can also use the computer to their advantage.There are programs out now that helps sketch artists make composites of a criminal’s face.Some of these programs contain many thousands of different styles of noses, foreheads, eyes, lips, and other various facial features (Osterburg and Ward 199-201). The future of computer and its related technology is going to be playing a huge role in future areas of law enforcement.Some forms of virtue reality and simulators have and are being developed to help in training officers for certain incidents.These simulated experiences will be used to help rookie officer notice and â€Å"feel† the situation around them when they come upon a scene.It will make they use their knowledge along with the officers around them to determine the best course of action, instead of relying on the technology of the computer/machine like some kinds of simulators do (Forsythe 1-4). Some of the areas of law enforcement that people don’t really think about a computer being used are in the squad cars, manufacturing of ammo and weapons, and even computer technology to develop such things as stun guns (these things are sweet—50,000 volts of ass-kicking power).

Technology?s Downside Essay -- essays research papers

There is no doubt that technology has played a major roll in many people’s lives today. It has affected the way we perform our daily routine, communicate with people, and just about anything else that is done in a day and night. But most of the technology we have is thought of as a good thing. Actually it is not a positive for our world, its is bad for us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early days many people would have to get together to communicate and interact among each other. Today all we do is log onto our computers and interact in a cyber chat. The computer technology has cut down on actual human contact interaction. All the communication is performed through the Internet chat rooms and e-mails. Also, computers have hurt us in another way. Computers run everything in our world and if they break down nobody knows how to do the job the computer was doing manually. We have become dependent on the computers to make all things run like clock- work and keep us going. Nothing is done manually anymore which only complicates the process. The people have become ignorant on how actions are performed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another technology downside was the A-bomb. Its invention wound up killing large quantities of people. To go along with that, other weapons such as the automatic machine gun or laser guided missiles have been invented only to cause human death and mass destruction. Our war-like technology has only increased human casualties and lowered the fair fi...

Human Cloning is Wrong :: essays research papers

Is human cloning wrong? Many people over the years and today have been asking themselves that question. In my opinion cloning would be playing God. Since the beginning of time God has devised a good and proper plan to make babies. Why mess with it? The process of cloning scientifically means to genetically copy an organism and create a â€Å"replica† that has the same DNA, whose cells time have been turned back, yet the two are not exactly the same. Over the past decades many cloning experiences had failed. Cloning was first tried in 1938 by a German embryologist, Han Spemann, yet it failed. It was not until 1970 when cloning became possible. The first animals to be cloned were frogs, and over time, cows, pigs, a sheep (only Dolly), and monkeys have been successful. For example, Dolly, born July 5, 1995, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned out of 200 embryos, at Roslin institute in Scotland. The team that created her, led by Scotsman Ian Wilmut, hoped to create an animal whose cells were genetically young again, rather than prematurely adult, but on February14, 2006, six years later after she was born, they had put her to sleep. She was diagnosed with lung disease, however it’s a fairly common disease in sheep, she also had premature arthritis. Nobody knows if her death has anything to do with being cloned. Over 200 sheep failed embryos were thrown away, so if the failure rate was that high when we start to clone humans more than 200 embryos/200 human beings would die for just one embryo that would have the same DNA as someone else†¦ think about it. The ones that may survive may die later, catch infections that’s soon leads to death, or have abnormities and many more Studies shown that 4 outta 12 cow birth mothers died. Just imagine human birth mothers, we would be killing many innocent lives. However the cloning of any species whether they are human or not its morally wrong no matter how beneficial to humanity as it may b e. People should be aware on the negatives of cloning, it’s unethical, very risky, and irreligious...in my eyes just plain wrong. In addition, cloning involves killing a great number of embryos. Therefore, out of many of animals that were cloned, very few have survived and the ones that have cant live on their own and have become dependant on scientists for everything down to oxygen. Human Cloning is Wrong :: essays research papers Is human cloning wrong? Many people over the years and today have been asking themselves that question. In my opinion cloning would be playing God. Since the beginning of time God has devised a good and proper plan to make babies. Why mess with it? The process of cloning scientifically means to genetically copy an organism and create a â€Å"replica† that has the same DNA, whose cells time have been turned back, yet the two are not exactly the same. Over the past decades many cloning experiences had failed. Cloning was first tried in 1938 by a German embryologist, Han Spemann, yet it failed. It was not until 1970 when cloning became possible. The first animals to be cloned were frogs, and over time, cows, pigs, a sheep (only Dolly), and monkeys have been successful. For example, Dolly, born July 5, 1995, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned out of 200 embryos, at Roslin institute in Scotland. The team that created her, led by Scotsman Ian Wilmut, hoped to create an animal whose cells were genetically young again, rather than prematurely adult, but on February14, 2006, six years later after she was born, they had put her to sleep. She was diagnosed with lung disease, however it’s a fairly common disease in sheep, she also had premature arthritis. Nobody knows if her death has anything to do with being cloned. Over 200 sheep failed embryos were thrown away, so if the failure rate was that high when we start to clone humans more than 200 embryos/200 human beings would die for just one embryo that would have the same DNA as someone else†¦ think about it. The ones that may survive may die later, catch infections that’s soon leads to death, or have abnormities and many more Studies shown that 4 outta 12 cow birth mothers died. Just imagine human birth mothers, we would be killing many innocent lives. However the cloning of any species whether they are human or not its morally wrong no matter how beneficial to humanity as it may b e. People should be aware on the negatives of cloning, it’s unethical, very risky, and irreligious...in my eyes just plain wrong. In addition, cloning involves killing a great number of embryos. Therefore, out of many of animals that were cloned, very few have survived and the ones that have cant live on their own and have become dependant on scientists for everything down to oxygen.

Communication IA Preface

The following reflective piece will take the form of a Monologue, and the purpose of this is to understand fully what goes on in the mind of a psychopath. It exhibits his thoughts, ideas, plots and emotions, so you can relate to him. This piece will demonstrate effects of psychopaths on their relatives and society. This monologue is intended for audiences above the age of thirteen. As it contains violent and abusive scenes it may not be suitable for children under the required age limit. It is targeted towards the general public to educate and warn them about the dangers and traits of psychopaths.This can be placed in local newspapers so it can be available for all citizens to view it. Social Studies SBA Method of Investigation I have decided to do a questionnaire in order to collect date for my survey. A questionnaire will help me to know whether the view I have on Juvenile Delinquency are true or not and if there are the same as the residents of my community. The results are quickl y obtained, it is easy to analyse data and it is cost effective. One of the main advantages of a questionnaire is that it guarantees of the anonymity of the personAnalysis & Interpretation The information given is based on the response received from the residents of Palmiste. Of the respondents interviewed an overwhelming majority that is 90% stated that males were the ones responsible for the juvenile delinquency in their communities, possibly because males are more likely to respond to situations with more violence and aggression than females due to certain factors related to their gender. †The greater aggressiveness of the male is one of the best established, and most pervasive, of all psychological sex differences,† wrote Dr.Eleanor E. Maccoby and Dr. Carol Nagy Jacklin, Stanford University psychologists. Women rarely display aggression therefore, aggressive behaviour was viewed as a practise that was found to be more common among males. While females tend to control their emotions, males are more easily angered. In certain families males tend to be the main abusers to their children, spouses or siblings. More than half of the respondents, that is 60% stated that these delinquents are quite often from single parent families.One can suggest that this usually causes children to â€Å"act out† as they are dealing with their parents separating or the fact that they may only have the attention of one parent. Single parenting affects children mentally, emotionally as well as psychologically. According to research done by Anika Doggett the least amount of communication and structure the family provides, the more likely the child will engage in delinquent activities. Peer pressure was stated to be the major cause of delinquency as 40% of the respondents stated as such.This is a proven fact by the residents of Palmiste, San Fernando. Friends tend to have a great degree of influence in the lives of teenagers. If a teenager has no friends they are isolated and are made fun of. There is therefore a need among teenagers to be closely linked to their peers, even though the influence may be negative and one they know to be wrong. This proves that most of these juveniles were influenced by their friends to engage in these negative activities. Delinquent friends cause law-abiding youths to get into trouble. Children who fall into a bad crowd are at risk for delinquency.Youths who maintain friendships with delinquent peers are more likely to become delinquent regardless of their own personality or the type of supervision they receive at home. Forty percent (40%) of the residents see Juvenile Delinquency as an act of engaging in criminal acts such as fighting, stealing etc. Similarly 40%of the respondents indicate that gang activities, stealing, defacing property and selling and buying drugs are all happening in their communities. They see these activities as acts of juvenile delinquency occurring in their communities and for them it is a great source of concern.Juvenile Delinquency can have a great effect on the academic performance of the youths. In fact 40% of the respondents interviewed attest to this fact. A great deal of scientific research examines the relationship between poor school performance and delinquency. The direction of the causal link between education and juvenile delinquency is fundamentally complex. Early aggressive behaviour may lead to difficulties in the classroom. Such difficulties, in turn, may result in a child’s receiving unfavourable evaluations from teachers or peers. These, in turn, might result in  delinquency.Equally, the fact that the child turned to delinquent activities could be an indication of whatever factors got the child into trouble with school authorities in the first place. The child may be reacting to whatever situations that may be disturbing them. The evidence is clear that poor school performance, truancy, leaving school at a young age and problems at hom e are connected to juvenile delinquency Thirty (30%) of the residents stated that the involvement of the school would be a great solution to help eradicate this problem of Juvenile Delinquency.

High School and Selecting Main Ideas Essay

My 3 highest scores are: Information Processing (85), Study Aids (95), and Time Management (60).The 3 areas I scored the lowest on are: Attitude (5), Motivation (5), and Selecting Main Ideas (20). I’m going to work more on my attitude, because it’s important to me that I graduate and get the degree in the career that I want to purse, so that I can prove to all the people who told me that I wouldn’t be nothing, or had doubt in me, because my parents didn’t finish High School, nor graduated. Motivation is probably one of the hardest one for me, because I’m a huge procrastinator, especially when it comes to math, which is the subject I dislike the most. I think if I’m motivated to do the math I will get better grades. I think it’s going to happen because Mr.Norrgran makes it interesting, he tends to joke around to wake us up if we’re not participating, or shows us little tricks so we can get the problem better. On Selecting Main Ideas, the reason why I got a 5 is because when writing notes down, I tend to write everything, even though it’s not needed. The reason why I do that is because to me, if I don’t write everything down, I always have this voice in the back of my head, â€Å"What if that word, sentence, vocabulary is in the test† something like that, so I feel better if I just write it ALL down, just in case it’s use full. I think it’s an OCD habit. At the end of the fall semester, I hope to have my attitude at 100, motivation 100, and main ideas 100, because I know that will make me a better student on achieving my goals, to prove to not only those who would shut me down, but to prove to myself.

River Valley Civilizations

Approximately 5000 years ago the first complex, politically centralized civilizations began to form independently along numerous river valleys throughout parts of Asia and Africa. These civilizations were the building blocks for organization of human economic, political, religious, and social practices. Although the cultures of both Ancient Egypt and Shang China River Valley Civilizations share geographic, religious, and political similarities, the cultures are vastly different when social characteristics and economic trade are taken into consideration. Both Ancient Egypt and Shang China both developed closely to major rivers. The Ancient Egyptian River Valley Civilization was located along the Nile River which helped to provide a reliable source of water for farming. The Nile River current runs north-allowing movement along the river, and the winds blow from the north allowing sailing vessels to travel against the current. It was easy to travel and interact along the Nile. When the Nile would flood, it would naturally fertilize the surround soil with nutrient deposits that gathered within the river. The same thing would occur with the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers, which were located near the Shang China civilization. This is why both civilizations flourished when it came to crop production. Near the Yangzi River, however, people had to work harder at flood control and irrigation. It is said that perhaps this stimulated a greater effort at organization. Both Ancient Egypt and Shang China were both ruled by kings, too. In Ancient Egypt, they believed that the pharaoh had all the power and influence over his people. He was considered to be divine, stood above the priests, and was the only individual who had direct contact with the gods. This is similar to how the emperor was looked at in Shang China, where he was seen as a chief priest, and he had an administrative bureaucracy, with councilors, lesser priests and diviners. Emperors and aristocrats had splendid homes with walls of pounded earth or earthen bricks while common people continued to live in their pit homes of earlier times much like how the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs were built high class pyramid tombs after they became diseased. In both civilizations, the king figure was highly important and very much valued. They were often showered with gifts. However, unlike Ancient Egypt, women had no rights in Shang China. Women held many of the same rights as the men in Egypt. Women were allowed to own their own land and to share equal property with their husband once they married. On the other hand, in Shang China, the oldest member of the family controlled the family’s property and made the important decisions. Women were inferior expected to obey fathers, husbands and then later their sons. Each women may have had between 13 and 16 marriages arranged marriages without any ability to protest it, and only by bearing sons could she improve her status. Shang China used items such as wheat, mullet, and silk, for trade, where metals were more common for trade in Ancient Egypt. The Silk Road was used to open trade between Ancient China and Rome. People in China were the first to master the development of silk and they did so by raising silk worms and then collecting the silky web that they formed. They then weaved the web together to form a more substantial material. Wheat and mullet were also common edible items used for trade in Shang China because they had suitable temperate weather along with forested land. Using metals in trade was important for Ancient Egyptians because it was plentiful and could be made into an assortment of items from weapons to tools. Egyptians did not harvest the same type of grains as those in Shang China because they had too much of a dry climate that did not allow crops such as those to thrive.

Mary Wollstonecraft vs. Jean Jaques Rousseau

Allison Link Global History 2 Honors – McIvor Enlightenment Essay 10/1/12 The late 18th century can be known as the historical period of the Enlightenment. During this time, society was undergoing drastic changes that would impact people even today. These changes were known as â€Å"reforms,† and played a big role in politics and ruling during this time period. One of the bigger reforms of this time was that which would grant women a higher education and place them in a position closer to their male counterparts.The enlightenment authors, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft, took part in a debate in which they argued about the purpose and education of women. In an article recently written in The New York Times by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, the impact of the Enlightenment authors’ work on the 21st century is described. Though both of the authors expressed their arguments well, Mary Wollstonecraft’s debate was overall more persuasive and c onvincing than that of Jean Jacques Rousseau’s, and her argument has had a bigger impact on the modern world.In an excerpt from Jean Jacques Rousseau’s writing, Emile, he went into detail about his philosophy on how women should be seen and how they should be educated. He stated that women are made solely for the purpose of pleasing men and that their education should follow such purposes. He said that, â€Å"The man should be strong and active; the woman should be weak and passive,† and when the woman tries to become equal to man, in only results in turmoil among society and family.He wrote about how men can do with out women, but women rely completely on men, and most of his reasoning behind these statements was that the purpose of women has been decreed by nature. In terms of education, he believed that the instruction of a woman â€Å"must be planned in relation to man. † Rousseau stated that rather than an academic education, women should partake in an education that would help to train a man in childhood, and to please and console him in adulthood.Although he got his argument across through some logical reasoning, most of the aspects of his argument bash women and were completely in favor of men. While men who read his writings might agree with Rousseau, the majority of women will find his works distasteful and biased. He also only used his own opinions in his arguments, as opposed to incorporating those of other Enlightenment authors or authors on the subject. Because Rousseau only used his own biased opinions and directed them towards the male audience, what he wrote was not entirely persuasive.Mary Wollstonecraft’s, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, is another example in which an Enlightenment author exhibits their opinion on the education and purpose of women. Contradictory to Rousseau’s writing, Wollstonecraft believed that women have a greater purpose than to serve man, and that is to be independent and care for others while they also care for themselves. She stated that unlike in Emile, women should be seen as and act independently and take care of themselves. She believed that women are not on this Earth for the purpose of serving men, and that they can stray away from these duties if they wish.Education wise, Wollstonecraft believed that a woman should not be limited to caring for their families, but may choose to pursue a higher learning, such as nursing and healing. But, she also said that caring for their children and husbands is not to be seen as a lesser job that women take part in, and that it is to be respected. Although Wollstonecraft incorporated some disadvantageous reasoning into her arguments, such as religion, a controversial topic, and many opinions, which can lead to bias, much of what she says made her essay persuasive to both genders.Her arguments were backed up by opinions of her own and those of Rousseau’s, which make them less biased towards women. Sh e also respects others’ arguments that women can have purpose in caring for their families. Due to her variety of reasoning that target both genders, her argument can be considered persuasive. As written in The New York Times article, The Women's Crusade, authors Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn have expanded on the importance of the role that women play in everyday lives, and the hardships that women face because of the lack of respect and sexist assumptions that they receive.But with more and more women becoming educated and equal to men, they are become successful and respected members of society. Through all of the callous hardships women face, from sex trafficking, to wives living with abuse and poverty, they state that with the right help and ambition have become women who are respected and looked up upon society. Mary Wollstonecraft writes in an excerpt from her writing about women’s rights, â€Å"Her first wish should be to make herself respectable, and not to rely for all her happiness on a being subject to like infirmities with herself. This statement is the basis for her argument that women should be able to choose the lives that they want to live and should not be constrained by society’s norms. The two authors from the article The Women’s Crusade and Mary Wollstonecraft, although born and raised in different centuries, still carry the same morals and stand up for the rights of woman. Both the modern day authors and the past author believe that women should be able to choose their own path and destiny in order to live their lives freely.Of the two enlightenment authors, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft, Wollstonecraft was able to persuade better and relate more to modern day views of women through her writing. She believed that women should be able to choose their own paths and change her time period’s definition of a woman. These changes that she believed were necessary were known as reforms durin g the period of The Enlightenment. Thought some of the reforms during this time were purely cosmetic and did not help society, Wollstonecraft’s reform on women was one that would benefit her society and that of the 21st century.

Above the Line Advertising Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Above the Line Advertising - Research Proposal Example In the last decade, a lot of research has been dedicated to conceptualizing and measuring customer-based brand equity. However, apart from putting forth various influencing factors, no integrative framework has so far been developed to account for the complex psychological processes underlying the formation of customer-based brand equity. In this context, this paper attempts to propose such a framework by drawing on the theory of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. (Kotler, 1997) This simple reason as to why ATL marketing is not used at all, or not used beyond the launch of a product, by popular brands is that these brands need to retain exclusivity in terms of the outreach and target audience that they are catering to. This generally implies a younger crowd which is constantly on the lookout for things that define their personalities in the most unique way, and in ways that they will not find anywhere else. Implications for Advertising Agencies A decade or so ago, branding meant little to people. Branding until then simply involved designing a logo or creating a corporate profile that will help identify it and differentiate it from other brands. In the past decade, things on the branding front have undergone a sea change due to above the line advertising. There is now a strong emphasis on brand building through the explicit communication of a vision in the whole organization where strong brands are more than mere trademarks that people recognize. In the generation of a branding idea and implementation of the same to build a brand profile, organizations behind the strong brands have managed to build a brand identity. "Brand identity should help establish a relationship between the brand and the customer by generating a value proposition involving functional, emotional or self-expressive benefits" (Aaker 1991).